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改造設計? gmp

1973年設計? 卡爾·恩斯特·斯沃拉，萊納·漢斯利克，君特·德爾道，瓦爾德馬·塞弗特，格哈德·沃斯

項目地點? 德國柏林

建成時間? 2024年

本文文字由gmp提供。

三十年前，這座建筑曾計劃拆除，而現在它又得以重生，展現輝煌：“柏林出版社大樓”，自2019年起成為“亞歷山大廣場新聞大樓”，其最初的源于1973年的外立面，經整修得到了全面復原。新聞咖啡館的76米長的現實社會主義風格的帶狀壁飾，曾一直隱藏于牛排餐廳廣告招牌后面，現在也一起重見天日。它清楚地表明：這次改造是一個試點項目，證明東德時代的“社會主義之城”的長期爭議性遺產如何成為現代城市建筑的一個組成部分。

It was supposed to be demolished thirty years ago but now it shines again in all its old (new) glory. The “Haus des Berliner Verlags” publishing house, known as the “Pressehaus am Alexanderplatz” since 2019, has been furnished with a refurbished version of its original facade design from 1973. Even the 76-meter-long, “real socialism” frieze on the Pressecafé is back, after having been hidden behind a sign for a steakhouse for twenty years. This conversion is clearly a pilot project that demonstrates how the long controversial legacy of the “socialist city” from the GDR era can be suitably redeveloped as a contemporary urban component.

▲ 項目視頻? ?Lukas Schmid

1973年—2017年

1965年，柏林西部的阿克塞爾·施普林格出版（Axel Springer）大樓落成后，民主德國立即在東柏林市中心加緊推進了新出版大樓的建設。兩座高層建筑幾乎同時建成—— 一座是為火車東站的新德國出版社而建，另一座是為亞歷山大廣場北側的柏林出版社而建。柏林出版社大樓在亞歷山大廣場周圍的東德城市規劃中發揮了特殊作用，因為它正好位于拓展延伸的社會主義中心軸線的交叉點，即菩提樹下大街（Unter den Linden）和斯大林大街（Stalinallee）的匯合處。因此，這座17層高的狹長板式建筑延長了從卡爾·李卜克內西大街（Karl-Liebknecht-Stra?e）的大型住宅區延伸出來的南北線，同時也如同一面墻構成板式塔樓和點式塔樓陣列的終端，這些塔樓像山巒一樣界定了亞歷山大廣場的北側邊緣。

In 1965, immediately after the Axel Springer high-rise opened its doors in the former West Berlin, the GDR expedited the construction of publishing house buildings in the center of East Berlin. Two high-rises appeared almost simultaneously, one for the Neues Deutschland at the Ostbahnhof and the other for Berliner Verlag at the northern end of Alexanderplatz. Known as the “Haus des Berliner Verlags,” the high-rise took on a special significance in the GDR’s urban planning in the area around Alexanderplatz because it stood at the exact intersection of the socialist center’s extended axes, where Unter den Linden and Stalinallee met. The narrow, 17-story slab extended the north–south line created by the massive housing complexes on Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse. At the same time, it formed an end point, like a sort of buffer wall, for the series of slabshaped and tower buildings that defined the northern edge of Alexanderplatz like a mountain range.

在這一建筑群中，柏林出版社大樓有三個特別之處：一是非常與眾不同的立面結構，縱向和橫向的鋁板猶如經緯分明的紡織面料；二是引人注目的螺旋形室外樓梯，其頂端是“Berliner Verlag”（柏林出版社）的發光字體，遙望可見；三是南側建筑前方的新聞咖啡廳，立面四周是藝術家威利·諾伊貝爾（Willi Neubert）創作的帶狀壁飾“Die Presse als Organisator”（媒體是組織者）。亞歷山大廣場周圍的其他高層建筑，如“旅游大樓”和“教師大樓”，也有此類帶狀壁飾；各個場景相互配合，意在象征社會主義制度下的美好生活。

In this ensemble, three special features distinguished the Haus des Berliner Verlags: firstly, a highly differentiated facade arrangement with vertical and horizontal aluminum panels resembling a woven fabric; secondly, a striking exterior stairwell tower that was topped by the widely visible, illuminated “Berliner Verlag” sign; and thirdly, the Pressecafé pavilion, with its colorful, circumferential frieze, “Die Presse als Organisator” by the artist Willi Neubert, projecting southward. Other highrises around Alexanderplatz also had friezes, including the “Haus des Reisens” and “Haus des Lehrers,” which depicted coordinated scenes that were intended to symbolize the good life under socialism.

1990年德國統一后，整個社會主義的城市核心部分受到了激烈的批評。漢斯·科爾霍夫（Hans Kollhoff）的總體規劃希望拆除所有東德的塔樓，代之以新的建筑。由于缺少投資者，這一計劃未能實現。柏林出版社大樓只進行了少量現代化改造，但外墻被完全拆除，取而代之的是簡樸的玻璃幕墻。好在，社會主義風格的帶狀壁飾保存了下來，但卻隱藏在一個大型牛排餐館廣告后面。

Following Reunification in 1990, the entire socialist city center came under massive criticism. The master plan by Hans Kollhoff specified that all GDR high-rises would be demolished and replaced with new construction. Due to alack of investors, this never happened. Instead, the Haus des Berliner Verlags was sparingly modernized, but the facade was completely removed and replaced by a plain glass facade. The socialist frieze was retained, although it was concealed behind a large sign for a steakhouse.

直到 2015年該建筑才被列入文保名錄。大樓在出售給鐵獅門地產公司后，2017年開始按照文保建筑標準進行全面翻修。

It wasn’t until 2015 that the building was listed as a historic monument. After it was sold to the real estate company Tishman Speyer, a comprehensive refurbishment in accordance with preservation principles could be started in 2017.

2017年—2024年

我們與鐵獅門一起制定了一項戰略，分三個階段對大樓進行翻新。首先整修了92米長的板式高層。一個新的雨蓬標志著主入口。建筑機電設備完全更新，底層面積擴大。平面布局經過重新調整，創造了靈活使用的工作環境。最重要的是，這座鋼結構建筑恢復了其原有的外立面。業主經說服確信，由白色鋁板構成的巧妙層疊結構不僅賦予了大樓恰當得體的建筑風格，而且還起到了遮陽作用。得益于精心的規劃，大樓的翻新工程僅用兩年時間就完成了。

Together with Tishman Speyer, we developed a strategy for refurbishing the building in three phases. In the first phase, the 92-meter-long high-rise slab was refurbished. A new canopy now marked the main entrance. Building services were completely renewed and the first floor was enlarged. The floor plans were restructured to permit flexibly usable work scenarios. Most importantly, however, the steel skeleton construction regained its original facade. The client agreed that the astutely tiered structure consisting of white aluminum panels would not only lend the building an appro-priate architectural aesthetic, but would also have a climatically beneficial function as a brise soleil. Thanks to precise planning, it was possible to complete the refurbishment of the high-rise in just two years while operations continued.

在二期工程中，建筑背側小亞歷山大街（Kleine Alexanderstrasse）一側的低層建筑被拆除。這座簡單的功能性建筑曾經是出版社的印刷車間。而現在這里建成一棟新的七層建筑，其斜面屋頂首次形成了從陡直的板式塔樓到西面相鄰谷倉區的自然過渡。豎向鋁板效法大樓，二者形成一個清晰可辨的整體。此外，盡管新建筑的外立面是玻璃的，但在側視時鋁板將新建筑變成了實體體量，與對面的老建筑形成呼應關系。

In the second construction phase, the flat-roofed structure to the rear on Kleine Alexanderstrasse, a purely utilitarian building that once accommodated the publisher’s own print shop, was demolished and replaced by a new sevenstory building which, thanks to its steeply ascending roof, forms the first-ever urban link between the abruptly towering high-rise slab and the adjacent Scheunenviertel district to the west. Vertical aluminum panels replicating those of the high-rise join the two buildings together in a clearly distinguishable ensemble. From the oblique view and despite the glass facade, they also transform the new building into a closed volume that enters into a dialogue with the old buildings opposite.

這組建筑還有一個三期工程，這也是最后一個，即咖啡廳。作為現代化改造的一部分，諾伊貝特長76米、高3.50米的釉面帶狀壁飾得到了清理和精心修復。新聞大樓再次與同樣經過修復的教師大樓和旅游大樓的帶狀壁飾交相輝映。

The ensemble also includes the third and final construction phase, the Pressecafé. As part of the modernization, Neubert’s 76-meter-long, 3.5-meter-high enamel frieze was uncovered and carefully restored, reestablishing communication between the Pressehaus and the other restored friezes on the Haus des Lehrers and the Haus des Reisens.

新聞大樓是東歐現代主義風格建筑改造的一個范例。三十年前本應拆除的建筑，如今不僅受到了好評并被列入文保名錄，甚至最初的設計也得以重生。與此同時擺脫意識形態的束縛，合理對待此類建筑的弱點，通過城市規劃干預打破傳統城市格局的卡爾·李卜克內西大街就是一例。這種干預在谷倉區（Scheunenviertel）的老建筑中仍能清晰地看到。通過背側的新建筑，我們的設計為新聞大樓增添了一種承上啟下的、或許是相互調和的元素。如果東歐現代主義這一用詞在柏林不是被用濫的話，我們幾乎可以說是對東歐現代主義的批判性重塑。

The Pressehaus exemplifies a change in how the Ostmoderne style is now handled. Today, buildings that were supposed to be torn down thirty years ago are not only appreciated and listed as historic buildings, but are even restored to their original design. At the same time, the buildings’ flaws are viewed without ideological blinders. In this particular case, the flaw was the urban intervention whereby Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse cut a swath through the historic city center. This intervention is still clearly visible in the old buildings in the Scheunenviertel district. With the new building to the rear, our design adds a connecting and perhaps a conciliatory element to the Pressehaus. If the concept weren’t already so exhaustively used in Berlin, we could almost speak of a critical reconstruction of the GDR Moderne style.

項目信息

亞歷山大廣場新聞大樓

德國柏林

2024年

業主：鐵獅門地產德國有限公司

1973年設計：卡爾·恩斯特·斯沃拉，萊納·漢斯利克，君特·德爾道，瓦爾德馬·塞弗特，格哈德·沃斯

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